Friday, April 9, 2021

Critical Reflection

 Module Learning

Looking back to when I first arrived in Singapore, I was a timid person with no confidence to approach anyone. Since I grew up in Malaysia, my English is often referred to as ‘Manglish’, which is a combination of various languages and English. Approaching strangers is a big challenge for me as I tend to remain in my comfort zone. Hence, my goal for this module is to speak fluently and confidently when conversing with others. To achieve it, I took the leap of faith and stepped out of my personal social circle to approach new classmates.

Through this module, I feel that the biggest takeaway for me is my ability to communicate with others in English confidently. I am not afraid to reveal my communication flaws, such as incorrect pronunciation, to others.  For example, I felt nervous when I was about to consult my professor on my assignment issues. It had triggered my “panic symptom” which exhibits uncontrollable coughing. However, during the last consultation for my technical report, I approached my professor calmly regarding my concerns.

Project Learning

Presentation Preparation   (Pitch & Slides)

One of the major assignment will be the oral presentation. I have learned how to create an elevator pitch that keeps the audience’s attention during the presentation. The elevator pitch must be concise and concrete so the audience can understand the content. This writing skill is crucial as only memorable and thought-provoking content can pique the interest of the audience. 

Another preparation technique that I gain from oral presentation preparation is the strategy to construct professional presentation slides. As I studied in the Pearson Edexcel A-Level board that focuses more on the examination system, this will be my first time creating presentation slides. However, with my professor’s advice, I have realized that professional presentation slides will consist of concise content, realistic images, and high-quality graphics. Therefore, we changed our presentation slides shown in figure1. The changed presentation slides are more attractive to the audience as they looked more professional. This experience has shown me how to create professional presentation slides in the future if I want to propose an idea to my customers or superiors.

Presentation (Skill)

               The most important part of a presentation is how to pitch your ideas to the audience. Pitching ideas is the segment that I find the most challenging because I am not a confident speaker. Fortunately, Professor Blackstone has given us some guidance with public speaking skills through his lecture. I have found that a successful presentation involves maintaining broad eye contact with the audience, a firm stance when speaking, and presenting at a suitable pace. To improve my presentation skill, I began practicing in front of the mirror and with my friends. As a result, I am glad that I performed well in my presentation. This had proven that practicing will enable a presenter to convince their customer confidently. Blackstone has given us some guidance with public speaking skills through his lecture. I have found that a successful presentation involves maintaining broad eye contact with the audience, a firm stance when speaking, and presenting at a suitable pace. To improve my presentation skill, I began practicing in front of the mirror and with my friends. As a result, I am glad that I performed well in my presentation. During this presentation evaluation, I discovered that practicing increases a presenter's confidence and leads to a successful presentation. As a civil engineering student, I believe that presentation skills are critical for a project meeting. A project leader must consist of the presentation skills to deliver his ideas to his man. I will keep working on my public speaking skills to avoid stutter when  I propose my ideas to my superiors or customers in the future.

Conclusion

               To conclude, I have understood that effective communication is a technique with patients. It requires a significant amount of time to prepare, practice, and maintain it as a habit. Going through this module, I was able to grasp the techniques of delivering my ideas professionally. Slowly but surely, I will notice my improvements in communication skills. My progress is due not only to my hard work but also to Professor Blackstone's guidance. Hence, I do like to express my gratitude to him for his assistance along the way.

Summary Reader Response Draft # 4

In the article, "The Self-Healing Concrete That Can Fix Its Own Cracks," Spinks (2015) discusses the possibilities of self-healing concrete (SHC) in the construction industry. According to Spinks (2015), SHC can mend up to 0.8mm cracks of an existing structure. She also cites research from HealCON that revealed the maintenance fee of cracked conventional concrete costs €6 bn yearly. In retrospect, a cubic meter of SHC costs €30 more than the conventional ones. However, Jonkers, the inventor, explained that the invention optimizes the concrete lifetime and reduces maintenance fees. He stated that results such as the success story of a canal and drainage system construction with the SHC have proven to show that the invention thrives in “coastal communities or tropical regions.” He believed that SHC has the potential to be a game-changer for investors who are willing to take a risk. At the same time, Spinks states that SHC is a better construction material than the original concrete due to its longer lifespan. However, there is a need in the article for a greater emphasis on the material's properties to convince readers of the invention's potential in replacing original concrete in the future.

The first material property that Spinks should have compared between SHC and original concrete is the compressive strength. Stanaszek-Tomal (2020) states that bacterial activity in concrete can improve the compressive strength of concrete. She presents several experiment results that proved SHC has 10% higher compressive strength than ordinary concrete. In my opinion, pointing out the higher compressive strength data of SHC would have substantiated Spinks’ claim, since it explained that SHC can resist heavier loads if compared to ordinary concrete. Without the experiment result, the construction industry might consider SHC to have a weaker compressive strength. It may avoid using SHC as a construction material because of building stabilization factors. With higher compressive strength, SHC can be used to manufacture a more stable construction or infrastructure. This point can be further supported by Manikandan’s and Padmavathi’s article in 2015 that the compressive strength of bacterial concrete has 1.25N per mm3 more than the conventional concrete.

Secondly, Spinks should have discussed the invention's permeability alongside the self-healing properties in increasing concrete's lifespan. Vijay et al. (2017) note that the bacteria in concrete will absorb water and form carbonate precipitation, causing a reduction in concrete permeability. It is crucial for Spinks to state that SHC has a low permeability as it shows SHC can prevent aggressive chemicals from entering the concrete. Reinforcing steel in concrete is corrosion-free, thus extending the lifespan of the concrete. With the longer concrete lifespan, readers would realize that utilizing SHC will be a better choice in the construction industry. Nowadays, everyone is encouraged to protect the earth as it is the only home for humans. The demand for concrete products will be lowered if it is maintained well. SHC could potentially decrease the production of concrete products leading to a reduction in carbon emission, protecting the earth from global warming.

One final material property that Spinks could have discussed is the permeability of chloride ions in SHC as concrete’s durability is largely affected by the chloride ions penetration. In the article, “Effect on Bacteria on Performance of Concrete/Mortar: A Review” (2019), Sikder and Saha explain that the formation of calcium carbonate layer produced by bacteria can resist chloride ion penetration. SHC will have a lower chloride ion permeability which improves the durability of concrete. With this statement, the readers could be relieved from the corrosion problem of reinforcing steel. The construction industry could understand that applying SHC as a manufacturing ingredient will be better due to its fund-saving in the long term.

In a nutshell, the author should have mentioned the material properties of SHC in the author’s article. Doing so will provide a more convincing stand about the potential of SHC being the future sustainable solution in replacing ordinary concrete.

Manikandan, A.T., & Padmavathi, A. (2015). An experimental investigation on improvement of concrete serviceability by using bacterial mineral precipitation. International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, 2, 46–49. 

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Atmanikandan/publication/316644933_An_Experimental_Investigation_on_Improvement_of_Concrete_Serviceability_by_using_Bacterial_Mineral_Precipitation/links/59099b94a6fdcc49616833c6/An-Experimental-Investigation-on-Improvement-of-Concrete-Serviceability-by-using-Bacterial-Mineral-Precipitation.pdf

Saha, P. & Sikder A. (2019). Effect on bacteria on performance of concrete/mortar: a review. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), 7, 2277-3878.   https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334626974_Effect_of_Bacteria_on_Performance_of_ConcreteMortar_A_Review

Spinks, R. (2015, 20 June). The self-healing concrete that can fix its own cracks. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2015/jun/29/the-self-healing-concrete-that-can-fix-its-own-cracks

Stanaszek-Tomal, E. (2020). Bacteria concrete as a sustainable building material? Sustainability 2020, 12(2), 696. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12020696

Vijay, K., Murmu, M., & Deo, S. V. (2017). Bacteria based self-healing concrete: A review. Construction and Building Materials, 152. 1008-1014 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.040